분류 전체보기 +92

펌프의 종류

Design/Process2013. 1. 24. 11:19

펌프의 종류는 상당히 다양하다. 그렇다면, 어떤 종류가 적합할까? 적절한 펌프의 종류를 선정하는 것은 비용을 줄이고 펌프와 전체 시스템의 기대수명을 높일 수 있다. 

다음과 같이 주요 펌프의 종류를 정리해 보았다.


펌프 종류

기본 설명

주요 특징

적용분야

권장 유체

이점

유량

범위

압력(헤드,수두)범위

마력

범위

Centrifugal PumpsGeneral name for pumps with one or more impellers. Many types and configurations for different applications. See below for specific centrifugal pump types.One or more impellers. Casing is volute or diffuser type. Normally electric motor driven, but other drive types available.All sorts of liquids can be pumps with centrifugal pumps. Highest flow rates of all pump types. Handles clean or dirty liquids, and liquids with low viscosity. Liquid should not contain air or vapors.Water and relatively thin liquids (won't pump thicker oils). Can pump liquids with or without solids if proper impeller type is chosen. Available in alloys for corrosive services.Best pump choice for lower viscosity (thin) liquids and high flow rates. No pulsations that may be found in some positive displacement pumps.

1 - 45,000

m3/hr

10 - 7,500 ft0.125 - 5,000 hp
ANSI Process PumpANSI Process pumps are the only dimensionally standard pump type in the U.S. pump industry (e.g., comparable sizes of all manufacturers have identical envelope and interface dimensions.) ANSI process pumps are, by definition, a horizontal, end suction, single stage pump. The pump meets ANSI B73.1 (ASME B73.1).Considered an end suction pump, frame mounted. Normally supplied with open impellers. Dimensionally standard sizes supplied by all manufacturers. Available in a wide variety of alloys and non-metals for many corrosive services.Transfer and process applications in chemical plants, pulp and paper mills, refineries, food processing plants, and general services in manufacturing plants of all types.Water and relatively thin liquids (won't pump thicker oils). Can pump liquids with or without solids if proper impeller type is chosen. Available in alloys for corrosive services.Dimensional standardization allows the complete piping, foundation, and building design to be completed before the pump supplier is chosen. Also, this permits the pump brand to be switched in the field without having to re-pipe or modify the motor, coupling, or bedplate. This pump type has more material options than other types.

2 - 1,100 

m3/hr

50 - 750 ft1 - 250 hp
API Process PumpThe API pump type applies to pumps built to the API 610 standard for pumps for refineries, pipelines, and other hydrocarbon processing applications. It includes end suction, horizontal split case, vertical turbine, and other types.Meets API 610 standard for hydrocarbon services. Includes closed impellers, with locked wearing rings. Normally centerline mounted to minimize thermal movement.Hydrocarbon transfer and processing services in refineries, pipelines, and hydrocarbon processing plants.Crude oil and all types of hydrocarbons.Meets API 610 requirements, assuring safety and reliability for high pressure, high temperature hydrocarbon services.

2 - 2,200 

m3/h

50 - 7,500 ft1 - 5,000 hp
Axial Flow PumpAxial Flow pumps are a very high flow, low head type of pump. Also called a propeller pump.Single stage, high specific speed impeller for high flow low head.Flood dewatering, power plant circulating water pump, evaporator services, and irrigation.Water and relatively thin liquids. Can pump liquids with or without solids if proper impeller type is chosen.This pump type is the best type to achieve very high flow rate with very low head, a hydraulic requirement needed for certain applications such as flood dewatering.

1,100 - 45,000 

m3/h

10 - 30 ft10 - 1,500 hp
Booster PumpBooster pumps are used to further boost the pressure in a system. It may be an end suction, in-line circulator, horizontal split case, or vertical turbine in a can type of pump.Booster pumps are almost always a multi-stage pump (has more than one impeller). All other features are quite specific to the application.Potable water distribution, irrigation booster, cooling water booster, process booster serviceWater and relatively thin liquids (won't pump thicker oils). Normally not used for liquids containing solids. Available in alloys for corrosive services.Allows the building up of additional pressure that is required to move liquid a long distance or to use the high pressure for spraying or other services.

1 - 2,200 

m3/h

200 - 7,500 ft1 - 5,000 hp
Canned Motor PumpCanned Motor pumps are sealless centrifugal pumps. The impeller is directly attached to the motor rotor, with a can separating the wetted rotor from the motor stator.Pump and motor are close coupled, so no mechanical seal. Pump rotor includes a circulating path of pumped liquid to lubricate sleeve bearings and thrust surfaces. These wear areas are made of ceramic, silicon carbide, or tungsten carbide.Pumping chemicals, hydrocarbons, or other liquids that are difficult to seal, or where the consequences of leakage are serious. Pumping heat transfer fluids which are high temperature or which are prone to costly evaporative losses with traditional mechanical seals.All types of thin (non-viscous liquids).Eliminates the mechanical seal, one of the largest components of pump maintenance cost. Plus, the pump is assured to be leak-free.5 - 1,500 gpm25 - 400 ft0.5 - 300 hp
Chopper PumpChopper Pumps are a type of centrifugal pump that is designed to chop up solids and stringy material as it pumps. It is available in a vertical column and end suction configuration.Pump impeller contains heavy duty grinding teeth, and many have replaceable wear plates in the casing, to allow chopping of solids as the pump operates.Chopper pumps are used in applications that plug conventional solids handling wastewater pumps in industrial, chemical, and fool processing facilities.Liquids containing solids and stringy material that would otherwise be difficult to pump.Able to pump liquids containing long stringy materials or other solids that would plug up in other pump types.50 - 10,000 gpm15 - 200 ft1 - 500 hp
Circulator PumpCirculator pumps is generally a pump with in-line suction and discharge flanges.In-line suction and discharge piping connections. Pump may be equipped with a traditional motor and coupling, or may have a wetted rotor motor that eliminates the seal.Circulator pumps are used in HVAC systems in buildings (chilled water circulation, hot water circulation, potable water circulation). Also circulation of cooling water in plants.Water and relatively thin liquids.In-line design saves on floor space.5 - 750 gpm20 - 180 ft1 - 50 hp
Cryogenic PumpCryogenic pumps are used to handle very low temperature liquids.Special materials, seals, and clearances to tolerate very low temperatures.Low temperature applications in process industries, LNG supply, and semiconductor manufacturing.Ideal for very low temperature liquids.Able to tolerate the low temperatures found in certain applications.5 - 1,000 gpm25 - 1,000 ft0.5 - 500 hp
Drum PumpDrum pumps are used to pump small quantities of liquid out of drums and carboys. Pump is very slim to fit in drum opening. Normally supplied as centrifugal pump, but positive displacement pump types are available for thicker liquids and pastes.Small diameter tube surrounding the shaft fits into the opening of a 55 gallon drum. Normally has a hand-trigger controlled motor.Pumping small quantities of liquids out of 55 gallon drums and larger carboys.Wide variety of thin and thick liquids, including corrosive liquids.Very practical way to pump small amounts of various fluids that are stored in drums or carboys.0.5 - 70 gpm20 - 75 ft0.25 - 1 hp
End Suction PumpEnd suction pumps are the common type of centrifugal pump. Has horizontal shaft with overhung impeller. Flow goes in the end of the casing, and out the top.Horizontal shaft, single impeller (see multi-stage category for pumps with more impellers). Various impeller types for clean and dirty services, many material optionsAny transfer or circulation of liquid. Handles clean or dirty liquids, and liquids with low viscosity. Liquid should not contain air or vapors.Water and relatively thin liquids (won't pump thicker oils). Can pump liquids with or without solids if proper impeller type is chosen. Available in alloys for corrosive services.Lowest first cost option for most applications. Stocked by most distributors in common sizes.5 - 7,000 gpm10 - 750 ft0.125 - 250 hp
Fire PumpCentrifugal pump used for fire fighting in buildings, plants, and other locations. May meet UL/NFPA standards for fire pumps. Normally this is a horizontal split case or vertical turbine pump for UL/FM services. Non listed pumps may be end suction type.Listed pumps meet the requirements of UL/FM for firefighting services.Fire fighting services of all types, both UL/FM listed and unlisted.WaterMeets requirements of UL/FM for fire fighting pumps. Suppliers often include complete system, including engine and controls.20 - 5,000 gpm100 - 1,200 ft10 - 800 hp
Grinder PumpGrinder pumps are a type of submersible sewage pump that has cutting teeth incorporated onto the impeller, to grind the sewage for pressure sewer applications. Also available in progressing cavity pump positive displacement type.Grinding teeth on the inlet of the impeller, submersible motor.Residential pressure sewer systems.Sewage and other wastewater.This type of sewage pump allows smaller diameter sewage lines than typical gravity drain sewers. Also, the sewer lines can follow the contour of the land since they don’t have to continuously drain to the collection point.5 - 50 gpm50 - 150 ft0.5 - 5 hp
Horizontal Split Case PumpHorizontal Split Case pumps are a types of centrifugal pump type has a single double suction impeller supported between bearings. Casing is split horizontally for maintenance. Suction and discharge flanges are opposed to each other.Double suction impeller gives better NPSH and lower axial thrust. Casing is normally double volute, to reduce radial bearing loads. Pump has two seals, both sealing suction pressure.Usually higher flow rate applications than end suction pumps. Used for cooling water, plant make-up water, potable water distribution, fire pumps, pipelines, and other main process flows.Water and relatively thin liquids (won't pump thicker oils). Normally not used for liquids containing solids. Available in alloys for corrosive services.This pump type permits much higher flow rates than end suction pumps. The double suction impeller has no axial thrust loads, and is less likely to cavitate.100 - 100,000 gpm50 - 1,500 ft3 - 5,000 hp
Jet PumpJet pumps are a type of home water well pump that is used for lower flow rates than vertical turbine types. It is a horizontal end suction pump, put makes use of an ejector to assist the flow.Horizontal end suction pump with ejector either mounted on the pump (for shallow well services), or located down in the well.Domestic water wellsWaterLower cost domestic well pump than submersible.1 - 70 gpm20 - 200 ft0.5 - 5 hp
Magnetic Drive PumpMagnetic drive pumps are a type of sealless centrifugal pump. It transmits the torque from the motor to the impeller by means of a rotating outer magnet which transmits the magnetic flux through a can to an inner magnet that is attached to the impeller. The inside of the can is thus isolated, with no shaft penetration, and the seal is eliminated.Magnets are typically made of ceramic, samarium cobalt, or neodymium. Bushings and thrust surfaces inside the can are made of silicon carbide or tungsten carbide, or ceramic, to handle the potentially abrasive liquid that circulates inside the can. Most must be protected against loss of flow, which could seriously damage the pump due to temperature build-up due to the magnetic flux.Pumping chemicals, hydrocarbons, or other liquids that are difficult to seal, or where the consequences of leakage are serious. Pumping heat transfer fluids which are high temperature or which are prone to costly evaporative losses with traditional mechanical seals.All types of thin (non-viscous liquids).Eliminates the mechanical seal, one of the largest components of pump maintenance cost. Plus, the pump is assured to be leak-free.5 - 4,000 gpm25 - 1,000 ft0.5 - 300 hp
Multistage PumpMultistage pumps use multiple impellers with either diffusers or volutes generate more head than single stage (single impeller) pumps. Available in horizontal and vertical orientations.Casing may be split radially or axially. Axial thrust may or may not be balanced out, depending on design. Impellers are enclosed design with diffuser or volute casing.Higher pressure services such as boiler feed water, condensate, pipelines, reverse osmosis, and decaling.Water and relatively thin liquids (won't pump thicker oils). Normally not used for liquids containing solids. Available in alloys for corrosive services.Best ways to get high pressure with a centrifugal pump. Thrust loads may be lower than single stage designs.5 - 10,000 gpm200 - 7,500 ft1 - 5,000 hp
Regenerative Turbine PumpRegererative turbine pumps are not considered a true centrifugal, but works on the same kinetic principal as a centrifugal pump.Instead of an impeller with vanes, the turbine impeller has blades similar to turbines, which generate the head. Normally it is end suction, single stage, though multi-stage versions are available.Normally single stage, though multi-sage is available. Pump has very tight internal clearances, so liquid pumped must be quite clean. Pump has very steep head-capacity curve, so pump must be protected against possibly operating against closed valve.Small boiler feed pumps for dry cleaners, bakeries, and similar small commercial boilers. Also used in OEM applications such as chiller and laser cooling.Thin, clear liquids.Very compact pump for low flow, high head applications. This may result in space savings and reduced cost for small boiler feed pumps. This pump type handles vapor and air mixed in with the liquid better than traditional centrifugal pumps.1 - 200 gpm50 - 1,200 ft0.5 - 75 hp
Slurry PumpSlurry pump is a general term for a pump that handles an abrasive slurry. They may be considered an end suction pump, vertical column pump, or submersible pump.Pumps are constructed either of high nickel cast iron (white iron) to withstand the abrasive wear of slurries, or the pump is lined with rubber for more round-edged slurries. Pumps often have replaceable wear plates on one or both sides of the impeller.Mining, minerals processing, transportation of slurries for processing, and dredging. Also pumps used in slurry applications in coal fired power plants, steel mills, cement mills, etc.Very abrasive liquids of all types.Ordinary pumps wouldn't withstand the abrasive wear that slurries cause on pump parts. Slurry pumps are designed to handle abrasive slurries and give pumps the longest life possible.10 - 30,000 gpm30 - 250 ft1 - 2000 hp
Self-Priming PumpSelf-Priming pumps are a type of centrifugal that can be located above the suction reservoir without an external priming system. End suction configuration, but enlarged case to support priming.No need for external priming or foot valves.Sump pumps and dewatering applications. Transfer services where pump must be located above the suction vessel.Water and relatively thin liquids (won't pump thicker oils). Can pump liquids with or without solids if proper impeller type is chosen. Available in alloys for corrosive services.No need for external priming5 - 7,000 gpm10 - 350 ft1 - 150 hp
Submersible PumpSubmersible pumps involve a submersible motor with a close coupled to single stage pump that allows the entire assembly to operated submerged.Submerged motor, either air-filled or oil-filled. Different impellers are designed to accommodate solids of various sizes.Sump pump services, effluent and sewage services ranging in size from products for homes to main sewage treatment plants.Water and relatively thin liquids (won't pump thicker oils). Can pump liquids with or without solids if proper impeller type is chosen.Eliminates column shaft and bearings found in column sump pump. More compact, reduced sump installation cost. May be located in areas prone to flooding.5 - 7,500 gpm10 - 200 ft0.25 - 250 hp
Trash PumpTrash pumps are a type of self-priming centrifugal or submersible centrifugal pump designed to handle rocks and other solids while dewatering.Open or non-clog enclosed impellers, designed to pass rocks and other debris. Pumps may be self-priming. Seals usually have hardened faces.Dewatering construction sites, mines, and utility pits.Dirty water containing mud, rocks, stone, and other debris.Designed to pump the solids and abrasives found in many dewatering applications.5 - 1,000 gpm25 - 150 ft0.25 - 50 hp
Vertical Sump PumpVertical sump pumps involve a vertical shaft supported in a center column. Single impeller, open or enclosed, pumps through a volute casing and then out a discharge column pipe.Various impeller types for clean and dirty services. Sleeve bearings in the column pipe need to be lubricated by the sump water, or externally with water or grease.Sump pump services.Water and relatively thin liquids (won't pump thicker oils). Can pump liquids with or without solids if proper impeller type is chosen. Available in alloys for corrosive services.Relatively low cost sump pump. Most designs need no shaft seal, since shaft column not pressurized.5 - 7,500 gpm15 - 150 ft0.5 - 250 hp
Vertical Turbine PumpVertical turbine pumps are a vertical shaft pump that is designed to fit in a bore-hole well. Can also pump out of open reservoir, river, intake structure, or tank, or can be mounted in barrel for booster pump applications. Pump can have one or more impellers and diffuser bowls, depending on total head requirement.Available with open and enclosed impellers. Sleeve bearings in pump diffuser bowls are lubricated by liquid pumped. Vertical high thrust motor mounted on top for product lubricated lineshaft bearings, or submersible motor mounted below pump to eliminate lineshaft and lineshaft bearings.Irrigation, potable water supply, plant make-up water, cooling water, fire pumps, potable water distribution, booster pumps, process pumps.Water and relatively thin liquids (won't pump thicker oils). Can pump liquids with or without solids if proper impeller type is chosen. Available in alloys for corrosive services.Only practical way to pump from a deep well. Wide flow and head ranges. Low floor space usage. Immersed pump eliminates priming. Canned pump version excellent for low NPSH services50 - 150,000 gpm15 - 2,000 ft1 - 5,000 hp
Well PumpA type of vertical turbine pump designed especially for use in a drilled bore-hole well. Also, for lower flow rates refer to jet pump type above.Available with open and enclosed impellers. Sleeve bearings in pump diffuser bowls are lubricated by liquid pumped. Vertical high thrust motor mounted on top for product lubricated lineshaft bearings, or submersible motor mounted below pump to eliminate lineshaft and lineshaft bearings.Irrigation, potable water supply, plant make-up water, cooling water, fire pumps, potable water distributionWater and relatively thin liquids. Can pump liquids with or without solids if proper impeller type is chosen.Only practical way to pump from a deep well. Wide flow and head ranges. Low floor space usage. Immersed pump eliminates priming.50 - 20,000 gpm20 - 1,000 ft1 - 3,000 hp
Positive Displacement PumpsA positive displacement (PD) pump is a general name for a pump type that does not have impellers, but rather relies on rotating or reciprocating parts to directly push the liquid in an enclosed volume, until enough pressure is built up to move the liquid into the discharge system. This includes many specific types for specific applications, as described below.Pump works on positive displacement principal, either rotary or reciprocating type. See below for features of specific types.All types of services in many industries where positive displacement pumps are favored over centrifugal pumps due to high viscosity, presence of fragile or shear sensitive solids, or need for low flow and high pressure.High viscosity fluids, some thinner fluids, fluids containing solids, especially fragile solids, and shear sensitive liquids.Best choice for higher viscosity services, and to move liquids gently. May also be needed for low flow, high pressure combination, or other application niches. Some types are inherently self-priming, and several types are sealless.0.1 - 15,000 gpm10 - 100,000 psi0.5 - 5,000 hp
Air Operated Double Diaphragm Pump (AODD)Air operated double diaphragm pumps are any type of reciprocating diaphragm pump containing two diaphragms and driven by air instead of by electric motor.Air section with shuttle valve applies air alternately to the two diaphragms. Each diaphragm has a set of check valves.Many applications in general plant service where electricity isn't available, or where the liquid being pumped has high solids content or high viscosity.Wide range of liquids, including liquids containing solids, and corrosive liquids.Can be used where no electricity is available, if compressed air is available. Available in a variety of metal and non-metallic materials depending on the fluid pumped. Able to pump liquids containing large solids. Pump is sealless and can run dry with0.25 - 300 gpm10 - 125 psi0.25 - 30 hp
Concrete PumpConcrete pumps are a type of reciprocating positive displacement pump that is specially designed to pump concrete and other mixed aggregate solutions.High pressure discharge for pumping concrete long distances or up high elevations. Materials of construction that can handle the abrasive aggregate.Concrete pouring, construction projects.Concrete and other aggregate solutions.Best way to move concrete long distances and up heights during pour.10 - 1,000 gpm25 - 1,000 psi10 - 500 hp
Diaphragm PumpDiaphragm pumps are a type of reciprocating positive displacement pump in which liquid is pumped by a reciprocating diaphragm, which is driven by a solenoid, a mechanical drive, or a fluid drive. Other versions are air operated (see AODD type below). Pump has inlet and outlet check valves.Pump contains reciprocating diaphragm and inlet and outlet check valves.Many applications in general plant service where the liquid being pumped has high solids content or high viscosity.Wide range of liquids, including liquids containing solids, and corrosive liquids.Handles a wide range of liquids, including liquids containing solids. Pump is sealless, and can run dry without damaging the pump.1 - 1,800 gpm25 - 15,000 psi0.5 - 2,000 hp
Flexible Impeller PumpFlexible impeller pumps are a type of rotary positive displacement pump that has a rotating rubber impeller with vanes that bend and then straighten as the impeller rotates to conform to the internal cam in the pump casing.Various rubber materials available for correct compatibility with the fluid pumped.Used as bilge and ballast pumps in small and medium marine services. Also found in other applications in plants where fluids contain some solids.Water, seawater, and other thin liquids, including liquids containing some solids.Relatively low cost way to move liquids containing some amounts of solids.5 - 150 gpm10 - 60 psi0.25 - 10 hp
Gear PumpGear pumps are a type of rotary positive displacement pump in which liquid is pumped by passing between two meshing gears and the surrounding casing. There are internal and external gear types.Internal and external gear types. Typically doesn't handle solids or abrasive liquids.Most common pump for clean oils and other viscous liquids.Oils and other high viscosity liquids. Usually only suited for clean liquids (no solids).Most widely used for clean oil services. Few moving parts, simple construction.1 - 1,500 gpm10 - 2,500 psi0.5 - 2,000 hp
Lobe PumpLobe pumps involve two shafts drive lobes which mesh with each other, but do not touch due to the use of timing gears. This allows gentle pumping of liquids containing soft or fragile solids, or viscous liquids.Pump has timing gears so that lobes don't contact each other while pumping. Available in sanitary options for food, pharmaceutical, and biotech services.Available in sanitary options for food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and biotech applications.Liquids which are viscous or which contain fragile solids or are shear sensitive.This is the normal pump of choice for sanitary applications pumping viscous liquids or liquids containing fragile solids. No metal to metal contact inside the pump.25 - 3,000 gpm50 - 450 psi1 - 500 hp
Metering PumpMetering pumps are a type of reciprocating positive displacement diaphragm pump that has a very low flow rate (typically measured in gallons per hour or per day, rather than per minute). Flow rate is adjustable.Pump is typically a diaphragm style, though older designs are plunger type. Diaphragm is driven by solenoid, mechanical actuation, or hydraulic actuation. Pump includes inlet and outlet check valves. Normally contains stroke length adjustment to vary flow rate, and some pumps can also control flow rate with speed control.Used to meter or dose very low flow rates with high accuracy. Most common application is chemical treatment of water in boilers, cooling towers, potable water, etc.Wide variety of thin and thick liquids, including corrosive liquids.Accurate, repeatable volumetric flow measurement. Ability to easily adjust the flow rate by adjusting stroke length or speed..01 - 20 gpm10 - 200 psi0.125 - 5 hp
Peristaltic / Hose PumpPeristaltic pumps or hose pumps are a type of rotary positive displacement pump that has a roller or shoe that squeezes a tube or hose as it rotates. The squeezing action moves the liquid along the tube.Includes replaceable hose that must be compatible with the pumped liquid. This hose is typically able to be replaced when worn.This pump type is used to handle chlorine and other disinfectants in commercial swimming pools, in wineries, in sewage treatment plants, and in many OEM applications where sealless pumping is a plus.Wide range of liquids, including liquids containing solids, and corrosive liquids.This pump type requires no seal, and keeps the liquid inside the tube, so zero leakage.0.2 - 200 gpm10 - 250 psi0.125 - 40 hp
Piston PumpPiston pumps are a type of reciprocating positive displacement pump that has, double acting reciprocating pistons.Pump includes one or more double acting pistons, sealed with o-rings against cylinder walls. Pump has an inlet and outlet check valve for each piston.Used in oil production, in wash down services, pressure washing, car washes, reverse osmosis, and other applications where high pressure is needed.Water and other thin liquids, including liquids containing abrasives.May be better alternative than plunger pump in certain applications, such as abrasive liquids. Slower speeds may mean less maintenance.5 - 700 gpm50 - 5,000 psi1 - 500 hp
Plunger PumpPlunger pumps are a type of reciprocating positive displacement pump that has, typically, three or five single acting reciprocating plungers.Pump includes one or more single acting plungers, sealed with packing against cylinder walls. Pump has an inlet and outlet check valve for each plunger.Used in oil production, in wash down services, pressure washing, car washes, reverse osmosis, and other applications where high pressure is needed.Water and other thin liquids, crude oils.Best way to achieve very high pressures when pumping.5 - 1,200 gpm50 - 100,000 psi1 - 5,000 hp
Progressive Cavity PumpProgressive cavity pumps are a type of rotary positive displament pump that has a single-threaded helically shaped rotor turning inside of a double-threaded helically shaped rubber stator. This produces a progressing cavity that moves the liquid through the pump and pressurizes it.Rotor is an interference fit inside the electrometric stator to minimize leakage (slip). Starting torque may be higher than running torque because of this.Used to pump polymers and dewatered sludge in sewage treatment applications, and in pumping liquids which are viscous or contain solids in industrial plants such as pulp mills, petrochemical, and chemical plants.Wide variety of thin and thick liquids, including corrosive liquids and liquids containing solids.Sometimes considered the pump of last resort, as it will handle difficult liquids which are viscous or contain solids and which other pump types cannot accommodate.10 - 2,400 gpm50 - 2,000 psi1 - 500 hp
Screw PumpScrew pumps use two intermeshing screws, driven by timing gears, move oils and other viscous liquids. Also available with three screws, one driving the other.Two screw pumps make use of timing gears so that meshing screws don't drive each other. Triple screw types have one screw driving the other two and don't include timing gears.Fuel transfer, elevators, and other applications requiring relatively high flow rates of viscous liquids.Oils, fuels, and other high viscosity liquids. Also handles two-phase liquid/gas mixtures.Highest flow rate of positive displacement pumps.50 - 15,000 gpm50 - 4,500 psi5 - 5,000 hp
Vane PumpVane pumps use a rotor with vanes located in slots, rotating inside an eccentrically shaped casing. As the rotor turns, the vanes move in and out of the slots.Sliding vanes are often made of carbon.An alternative to a gear pump for transferring oils and other viscous liquids. Also good for thinner liquids.Oils and other high viscosity liquids. Usually only suited for clean liquids (no solids). Also good for thin liquids like gasoline and water.Good for both thick and thin liquids, so often chosen for terminals and truck unloading where many types of liquids are handled.5 - 2,500 gpm20 - 200 psi1 - 300 hp



Flow measurement 선정시 가격적인 요소를 고려하기 이전에 아래와 같은 사항을 고려해야 한다.

1. 측정 flow range
2. 측정하려는 변수
3. 정확도 및 반복 정밀도
4. 단방향 흐름인지, 양방향 흐름인지 여부
5. 설치부분의 입/출구 부분에 straight run 조건이 걸려있는지 여부
6. 계량기 입구부분의 파이핑 구조
7. 필터 필요여부
8. 측정이 지속적인지, 총량으로 검출해야하는지 여부
9. 아날로그/디지털 시그널
10. 진동이 계량기 정확도에 미칠수 있는 영향
11. 측정 주기
12. 유지보수를 위한 계량기 접근성

위와 같은 적합성 여부는 다음과 같은 사항을 고려하여 결정한다.

1. 플랜트 운영자들의 친숙성
2. 기록상 실패도
3. 계량기 종류에 따른 신뢰도
4. 교정, 유지보수 편이성
5. 전체적인 그림에서 유형/무형적인 요소

'Design > Process' 카테고리의 다른 글

공정 설계-시뮬레이션을 할 때 흔히 저지르는 실수  (0) 2013.03.18
농도 계산  (0) 2013.03.13
펌프의 종류  (0) 2013.01.24
Crane - Flow of Fluids , TP-410  (0) 2012.01.13
Crane Flow of Fluid solution  (0) 2012.01.13





Crane 책은 아마도 전통적인 공정엔지니어라면 다들 한번쯤은 읽어봤을 만한 필독서입니다.


유체 흐름에 관한 기초를 상세하게 잘 설명하고 있고, 수학의 정석 처럼 구성 또한 깔끔한 편입니다.


저작권때문에 올리지는 못하지만, 공정엔지니어라면 주위의 선배에게 꼭 얻어서 필독하시는 것을 추천합니다.




'Design > Process' 카테고리의 다른 글

공정 설계-시뮬레이션을 할 때 흔히 저지르는 실수  (0) 2013.03.18
농도 계산  (0) 2013.03.13
펌프의 종류  (0) 2013.01.24
Flow Measurment 선정시 고려해야 할 사항  (0) 2012.01.19
Crane Flow of Fluid solution  (0) 2012.01.13





PIPING 과 FITTING DIMENSION이 정리되어 있는 엑셀 파일입니다.








'Design' 카테고리의 다른 글

FEED  (0) 2013.02.25
파이프 재질 별 특징  (0) 2013.02.05
Hot tapping  (0) 2012.01.13
도면의 종류  (0) 2012.01.13
정제 공정  (0) 2008.08.27


Crane 사에서 나온 Flow of Fluid / TP-410 의 연습문제를 풀이한 파일입니다.

뒷부분은 아직 작성이 안된부분이 있습니다.


'Design > Process' 카테고리의 다른 글

공정 설계-시뮬레이션을 할 때 흔히 저지르는 실수  (0) 2013.03.18
농도 계산  (0) 2013.03.13
펌프의 종류  (0) 2013.01.24
Flow Measurment 선정시 고려해야 할 사항  (0) 2012.01.19
Crane - Flow of Fluids , TP-410  (0) 2012.01.13

Hot tapping

Design2012. 1. 13. 11:53

Hot Tapping 

기존 설비의 운영을 멈추지 않고, 배관,설비를 개선하는 방법. 반댓말 : Cold tapping





출처 : 한국 가스기술공사

'Design' 카테고리의 다른 글

파이프 재질 별 특징  (0) 2013.02.05
PIPING & FITTING DIMENSIONS  (0) 2012.01.13
도면의 종류  (0) 2012.01.13
정제 공정  (0) 2008.08.27
석유화학공업의 주요생산공정  (0) 2008.08.27



VLE Calculation Using UNIFAC



도면의 종류

Design2012. 1. 13. 11:31

여러분들은 화학공장에서 사용하는 도면들 중 몇가지나 알고 계십니까?
제 기억을 더듬어 볼때 3학년이 되어서야 P&ID (Piping & Instrument Diagram), PFD (Process Flow Diagram)이라는 도면이 있다는 사실을 알게 되었으니까 여러분들도 그 정도 지식을 가지고 계실거라 추측해 봅니다만 실제로는 그 종류나 양에서 엄청나게 많은 도면들이 존재하고 실제로 사용되고 있습니다.
지금부터 이 도면의 종류와 용도에 대해 한번 살펴보겠습니다.

1. P&ID (Piping & Instrument Diagram)
Process engineer라면 누구라도 한권씩은 가지고 있어야 하는, 그리고 이책이 닳아 없어질 때 까지 수시로 들여다 보고 또 들여다 봐야 하는 도면입니다. 화학공학을 전공하고 계신분들께는 한마디로 말이 필요없는 가장 중요한 도면이라고 할 수 있습니다만 약간의 설명을 덧붙이자면
- 공정에서 사용되는 모든 equipment, machine은 물론 온도, 압력, 유량, level을 측정하는 instrument가 모두 기입되어 있습니다.
- 이들 기기들을 연결하는 piping의 재질, size, insulation 종류등이 상세히 표기되어 있으며
- control valve의 경우 type (fail open or fail close, etc.)은 물론 interlock 관계로 간략하게 표시되어 있는 P&ID가 많음
- manual로 조작되는 valve (흔히 block valve라고 부름) 종류, 재질, size 등
- 기타 공장운전에 필요한 정보포함 (tower, vessel등의 manhole, nozzle위치는 물론 그 size, tower의 경우 tray의 단수등)

이와같이 공장에 대한 모든 정보를 총망라하고 있는 도면이라고 할 수 있습니다. 잘 만들어진 P&ID의 경우 equipment의 elevation등도 실제 현장상황에 최대한 근접하게 작성됩니다.

한가지 단점이라고 하면 공정내의 운전조건(유량, 온도, 압력조건등)이 표기되어 있지 않아 이것만 가지고 공장을 운전하는 것은 불가능하다는 점입니다.
또한 equipment & machine에 대한 정보도 상당히 제한되어 제공되기 때문에 실제로 그 내용을 파악하기 위해서는 현장에 나가서 확인해 보던지 아니면 다른 상세도면을 참고해야 한다는 점도 또다른 단점으로 꼽을 수 있겠습니다.
이는 입체적으로 생긴 equipment를 평면에 표현하다 보니 nozzle/manhole 갯수, size는 표현이 가능하지만 정확한 위치를 표현하는데는 한계가 있기 때문이겠죠...
욕심을 부리자면 끝도 없겠지만 그만큼 많은 정보를 도면안에 포함하고 있는 만큼 몇몇 불편함은 감수해야 할 것입니다.

아래에 소개한 link는 제가 소개하는 정보에 비해 P&ID에 대한 보다 상세한 정보를 포함하고 있습니다. 한번방문해 보시기 바랍니다.

http://myhome.naver.com/ynee/yhs20-1-50.htm

2. PFD (Process Flow Diagram)
P&ID에 비해 그리 정밀하지 않은 도면위에 유량, 조성, 온도 & 압력조건등 운전에 필요한 정보가 기록되어 있는 도면입니다. 위에서 언급했듯이 P&ID만 가지고는 공장을 건설하고 운전하는 것이 불가능합니다만 PFD가 있으면 다른도면은 처음부터 다시 준비하더라도 공장건설은 물론 운전까지 가능하다고 하는 중요한 도면입니다.
그만큼 회사에서 관리하는 비밀등급 역시 최상위에 속하게 되지요..

화학공장을 건설하는 대규모 프로젝트에서 가장먼저 준비되어야 하는 도면입니다. 이 도면이 준비된 후 equipment는 물론 machine, piping, instrument등의 상세설계가 진행되며 이러한 data들이 충분히 확보된 후 P&ID가 작성되는 것이 보통입니다.
과거에는 이러한 작업을 하기 위해 pilot plant를 건설하여 실제 운전data를 수집하는 등 많은 어려움이 있었으나 지금은 computer기술의 발전 덕택에 simulation을 많은부분 활용할 수 있어 전체 project기간을 상당히 단축할 수 있습니다.

아래의 참고자료도 한번 방문해 보시기 바랍니다.
http://myhome.naver.com/ynee/yhs20-1-30.htm

3. logic diagram
화학공장은 근본적으로는 많은 위험을 내포하고 있기 때문에 운전에 있어서 몇가지 제약조건을 부여하고 있습니다. 온도나 압력이 너무 올라간다든지, 유량이 너무 높다든지하는 어느 특정조건에 도달하게 되면 공장이 자동적으로 가동정지되도록 하여 폭발등의 위기상황을 모면하도록 설정하는 것이지요...
물론 이런 상황들은 사전에 많은 종류의 study를 통해서 (HAZOP study가 대표적) 설정되며 이러한 내용을 체계적으로 정리하여 놓은 도면이 logic diagram입니다. 공장을 안전하게 운전할 수 있게 해주는 중요한 도면이라고 할 수 있습니다.
이렇게 작성된 logic diagram의 내용은 DCS (Distributed Control System)라고 불리는 공정제어용 컴퓨터에 프로그래밍 되어 운전에 활용되게 됩니다.
도면의 특성상 전기회로적인 내용이 많이 포함되어 있어 전기나 전자를 전공한 사람이 작성하는 경우도 있지만 그 내용은 역시 공정운전에 대한 내용인 관계로 화학공학을 전공한 process engineer에 의해 작성되는 경우도 상당히 많습니다.

4. EIP (Equipment Installation Plan)
위에서 언급한 P&ID나 PFD의 경우 입체적으로 건설되는 공장을 평면에 표현한 관계로 실제 기기들이 어느위치에 어떻게 설치되는지 파악하는 것이 불가능한 데 비해 이도면의 경우 한정된 부지내에서 steel structure는 몇층까지 있으며 어느 equipment가 structure의 몇층 어느위치에 설치되는 지를 입체적으로 표시한 도면입니다.
아래에서 소개할 ISOMETRIC drawing까지 포함하게 되면 공장의 실제 모양을 어렴풋이나마 파악할 수 있습니다. P&ID를 볼 때 이 도면을 참조하게 되면 공장운전상황에 대해서도 보다 정확히 파악할 수 있습니다.

5. ISOMETRIC drawing
흔히 줄여서 iso drawing이라고도 부릅니다. piping과 관련된 중요한 도면이며 실제 piping route가 어떻게 구성되는지, 어느위치에 elbow가 몇개 사용되는지, control valve, block valve, 각종 instrument의 실제 위치는 어디인지 등 piping과 관련된 모든 내용을 포함하는 도면이라고 할 수 있습니다.
실제 시공단계에서는 이 도면에 따라 모든 piping들이 제작되기 때문에 철저한 review가 그 전에 이루어져야 하며 설계단계에서는 이 도면은 물론 위에 언급한 각종도면들을 종합적으로 review하여 accessibility, operability등을 검토하는데도 사용됩니다.
요즘은 실제 공장의 축소판이라고 할 수 있는 model plant라든지, PDMS라고 불리는 컴퓨터를 이용한 3차원 graphic model을 많이 활용하는 추세여서 어쩌면 조만간 역사속으로 사라질 지 모르는 도면이라고 할 수 있겠습니다.
수 많은 도면들을 함께 펼쳐놓고 머리속으로 그림을 그리면서 설계를 검토하는 것 보다는 실제 model을 보면서 검토하는 것이 더 쉽기 때문이겠지요...

6. vendor print
실제 기기를 제작하기 위해 납품업체 (vendor)측에서 작성되기 때문에 흔히 이렇게 부릅니다. 기기의 모양, size등이 실제 기기와 동일하게 작성되며 기기제작에 필요한 모든 정보가 총망라됩니다.
예를 들자면 사용재질, nozzle모양, 용접방법, 기기의 체적등의 상세정보들을 모두 포함하고 있습니다. 앞에서 언급했듯이 process와 관련된 많은 정보를 가지고 있는 P&ID의 한계를 보완하기 위해 수시로 참조되는 중요한 도면이라고 할 수 있습니다.

7. 전기관련도면
- Single Line Diagram
- Area Classification Drawing : 방폭/비방폭지역 구분, 방폭등급 표시
- Lighting Plan
- Power Plan
- Cable layout
- Communication System Plan
- Cable Tray Layout Drawing
- Single Wiring Layout Drawing
- Instrument Air Piping Drawing
- Installation Detail Drawing
- Control Panel Arrangement Drawing
- Instrument Cable Schedule
- Loop Diagram

제가 전기를 전공한 사람이 아니라서 모든 전기관련도면을 언급하지는 못했습니다만 기억나는 것만 소개를 하면 위에 언급한 바와 같습니다. 화학공학을 전공한 사람의 입장에서는 회사생활을 하는동안 한번이라도 보게 될 가능성이 있는 도면은 없습니다만 여기에 소개하는 이유는 이런도면도 있다는 정도는 알아둬야 할 것 같아서 간단히 소개만 합니다.
그 중 process engineer에게도 중요하다고 할 수 있는 도면을 꼽으라면 Area Classification Drawing, Loop Diagram등을 들 수 있겠습니다.
화학공장은 폭발성 물질을 많이 다루기 때문에 이러한 지역에서 사용되는 전기기기들의 경우 등급에 맞는 방폭type (explosition proof)의 기기를 사용해야 하며 loop drawing의 경우 logic diagram과 연관된 중요한 도면이라는 정도만 언급하겠습니다.

8. 토목, 건축관련 도면
- 건물 면적 개요
- Layout and Master Plan
- Plot Plan
- Paving Plan
- Paving Section and Detail
- Floor Loading Protection Plan
- 우수 구조물도
- 포장 구조물도
- 철근배근 기준도
- 용접기준도
- Anchor Bolt Detail
- Base Plate Detail
- Stair 부분 상세도
- Ladder 부분 상세도
- Fire Fighting Drawing

여기에도 몇가지 도면종류를 언급했습니다만 간략히 설명드리자면 건물을 짓기 위해서도 도면이 필요하고 도로를 건설하고 포장하려고 해도 도면이 필요하다는 정도로만 이해하셔도 무방할 것 같습니다.
여기에 언급한 도면 중 plot plan의 경우 전체공장 부지내에서 건물및 공정의 배치, 도로의 위치등이 조감도 형식으로 표현되어 있는 도면으로 공장 전체를 한눈에 내려다 볼 수 있는 도면입니다

 

'Design' 카테고리의 다른 글

파이프 재질 별 특징  (0) 2013.02.05
PIPING & FITTING DIMENSIONS  (0) 2012.01.13
Hot tapping  (0) 2012.01.13
정제 공정  (0) 2008.08.27
석유화학공업의 주요생산공정  (0) 2008.08.27

Konglish

Proposal2012. 1. 13. 11:30

가스레인지-stove
가제-gauze
개런티-fee, pay
게임셋-game over
골게터-striker
골덴-corduroy
골인-goal
그룹사운드-band
깁스-(plaster) cast
껌-chewing gum
나이터-night game
네임카드-business card
노골-no score
니스-varnish
더치페이-Dutch treat
데드볼-hit by pitched ball
드라마-soap opera
롤케이크-log cake
리어커-cart
리포트-homework
미스프린트-typo
미이라-mummy
바바리-trench coat
백넘버-uniform number
백네트-backstop
백미러-rear view mirror
베니어판-flywood
북커버-book jacket
블루스-slow dance
비닐하우스-greenhouse
사이드미러-outside mirror
사이드브레이크-hand/parking brake
사인펜-felt-tip pen
사인-autograph
샐러리맨-employee
샤프펜슬-mechanical pencil
서클-club
섬머타임-daylight saving time
셔터-release button
슈크림-cream puff, eclair
스킨쉽-physical contact
스탠드-table lamp
스티로폴- styrofoam
스티커-ticket
슬로우비디오-slow motion
아르바이트-part time job
아스팔트-pavement
아이쇼핑-window shopping
아이스박스-cooler
앙케이트-questionnaire
오므라이스-rice omelet
오바이트-throw up
오버헤드킥-bicycle kick
오토바이-motorcycle
오픈카-convertible
올백-straight-back hair style
와이셔츠-dress shirt
원피스-dress
인터체인지-intersection
쟈크-zipper
점퍼-jacket
카센터-car repair shop
카스테라-sponge/pound cake
캄푸라치-camouflage
커피타임-coffee break
컨닝-cheating
콘사이스-dictionary
콘센트-outlet
크락숀-horn
탤런트-TV star
투피스-suit
트렁크-suitcase
팬티스타킹-panty  hose
펑크-flat tire, puncture
포드-forward
포볼-base on balls
프림-cream
핀트-point, focus
하이틴-late teens
핸들링-hands
핸들-steering wheel
호치키스-stapler

'Proposal' 카테고리의 다른 글

영문 이메일에서 자주 나오는 예문&약어집  (0) 2012.01.13
기술영업의 꽃 - 플랜트 프로젝트  (0) 2008.08.28
Engineering Work 영문 Letter 모음  (0) 2008.08.27
플랜트 계약 조건  (0) 2008.08.27
Change Order  (0) 2008.08.27


1.MC :Mechanical completion의 약자입니다. 한국말로 하면 기계적 준공이라고 합니다.
       플랜트를 구성하는 기기 및 자재류가 설계도면 및 시방서에 따라 설치 또는 조립되어 소정의 정적인
       기계적 설능을 증명하는 개별의 시험 및 검사가 완료된 상태를 말합니다.
 
2. FCN - 간단하게 현장변경을 지시할 때 하는 것,     
    FCR-- 반대로 현장에서 변경을 하고자하거나 변경하였을때 하는 것
            FIELD CHANGE NOTIFICATION=FCN.                R=RECORD 일것 같습니다 

3.
ESD (Emergency Shut-Down)
 : 정상적인 운전이 어려운 경우 plant를 shut - down 하기 위한 system.

4. EPC(Engineering Procurement  Construction) : 턴키사업

5. PQ : 입찰참가자격사전심사제(Pre-Qualification)
6. EPDS : Epuipment Process Data Sheet

7. AS Built란 : 완공된 상태 그대로 도면화 하는 작업이란 뜻이죠.

8. MCC :Motor Control Cabinet


1,Hydro--수압 2. Visual--육안 3. Service--사용하는 유체를 통과 시켜 검사 4.Pneumatic-- Air

Punch--- 수압 시험전 배관을 검사하여 배관을 수정하거나 빠진 부분을 보완하거나 오너의 지시사항을 반영하는 것



~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

F.C - Fail Closed - 가동 중지시 밸브 닫힘
F.O - Fail Open - 가동 중지시 밸브 열림
F.L - Fail Last - 가동 중지시 이전상태
N.C - Normally Closed - 보통 상태에서 operator가 잠궈놔야 하는 경우
N.O - Normally Open - 보통 상태에서 operator가 열어놔야 하는 경우